Concept and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse

Background Alcoholism is a behavior arising from physical addiction to alcohol by an individual. A victim of alcoholism will continue to drink despite experiencing health problems that may be physical, social or mental. Alcoholism is different from alcohol abuse since alcohol abuse describes a situation where drinking may result from problems emanating from the act of alcoholism, it is more behavioral than physical addiction (PubMed Health, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concept and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alcoholism is a disorder in which an individual takes alcohol despite being aware that it will ruin their lives. Alcoholics cause several problems with the people who are close to them, and they demonstrate some sense of irresponsible behaviors, for instance, by abandoning school or jobs. Alcoholism results from several years of alcohol drinking and it worsen s further with more drinking. When alcoholism is not treated, it will likely destroy the emotional and physical well being of an individual; extreme alcoholism might even lead to death. Alcoholism is a family disease since it hurts and directly and indirectly affects the lives of victim’s family members and the people who are close to the alcoholic person (Cleveland Clinic, 2010). People drinking alcohol do not always have knowledge of when alcohol drinking gets out of hand. The problems of alcoholism may be mind as well as life threatening, and they affect the individual, family and the society. Alcoholism is the taking of alcoholic beverages to an extent that it can interfere with the physical behavior and activities of the alcoholic person (Gifford, 2009). Thesis Alcohol is a widely used and an accepted psychoactive drug that disrupts the neurochemistry in the brain causing emotional, social, behavioral, spiritual and vocational problems. Alcohol.  Definition Alcohol is as a central nervous system depressant that when taken in limited quantities, it can have a small and mild stimulant effect. Alcohol is a legal drug accepted by societal and cultural norms of particular jurisdictions. Consistent consumption of alcohol may lead to the body adapting to its persistent presence. Neurochemistry.  Absorption, Distribution Metabolism Since alcohol is a beverage and hence it dissolves in water, it has the potential to diffuse easily into the body tissues, body fluids, and to the brain as well.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classification.  Depressant As a depressant, alcohol as the ability to slow down the functioning of a neural system of an individual; it achieves this by blocking messages from reaching the brain. Effects of Alcohol Short Term Physical Effects Unconsciousness In the context of alcohol, this unconsciousness is a form of a bl ackout. This is a situation where a patient loses his/her senses and thus appearing as if they are in a dreamless sleep, but they will try their best to appear as though they are conscious, which may not be possible. Alcohol poisoning Alcohol poisoning is an illness caused by excessive intake of alcohol. Alcohol poisoning can cause damage to the lung, and it might as well lead to cases of heart attack. Hangover When alcoholics drink late into the night, they may suffer from hangovers in the following morning. This is because alcohol has the effect of irritating the stomach. Furthermore, heavy drinking can cause sickness and nausea. Hangover is because of the dehydrating effect of alcohol (Wekesser, 1994). Sleep disturbance Irritability and anxiousness Alcohol is a depressant substance, which has a stimulating effect. Due to this effect, it can slow down the brain and the entire central nervous system hence resulting to loss of sleep. Death Intoxication, which results from alcohol co nsumption, may lead to death. When people drive under the influence of alcohol they can easily lose control and cause a fatal accident. Physiological Central Nervous System (CNS) Alcoholism undermines an individual’s mental judgment resulting to low inhabitation and alteration in the thoughts and the emotions of the alcoholic person. Persistent drinking can lead to the inability of the victim to coordinate body muscles (Gifford, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concept and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brain and chemical imbalance Alcohol affects the brain and the entire neural system and brain cells. An individual who has been dependent on alcohol, in the event stops drinking, he/she will experience a chemical reaction which will excite the nervous system and can agitate the level of body chemicals which in turn can prevent stress and impulsivity. Consequently , the drinking of alcohol can trigger the release of neurotransmitters like serotonin that produce euphoric feelings and reward sensation (National Institute of Heath, 2003). For a particular period, excessive consumption of alcohol can deplete the stores of serotonin, also consistent drinking may result in loss of mood. Fatty Liver Too much consumption of alcohol may result in fat deposits in the liver. Continuous drinking of alcohol can lead to the inflammation of the liver, which may in turn result, into hepatitis. Hepatitis can cause the liver to fail leading to death. Alcohol Abuse and Dependency Alcohol Use Alcohol use is like a disease. This is due to the reason that alcohol use characterized by a maladaptive drinking pattern of alcohol may lead to adverse effects. Factors of Intoxication Intoxication is the primary cause of all alcohol problems. Intoxication may lead to injuries and in extreme circumstances death. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) T his is the universal standard used by mental health practitioners in the United States of America for classifying metal disorders. It has three components namely: diagnostic classification, diagnostic criteria sets and the descriptive text.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Progression of the disease Alcoholism is a progressing disease in the sense that an individual continues drinking even if he/she is already drunk to the capacity. Continued drinking may result in the individual being irresponsible. Alcoholism is a situation where an individual develops persistent culture of drinking even after experiencing the problems due to drinking. The loss of control is progressive and the victim can spend most of his time drinking (Manzardo Goodwin, 2006). An alcoholic person may drink more and he/she will be accustomed and more reliant on alcohol; the alcoholic becomes obsessed with alcohol. Consequences Associated with alcohol Abuse and Dependency Behavioral The behaviors emanating from alcoholism can be particularly risky. Alcoholism exposes the victim into risky behaviors that may result from their impulse actions. Risk takers and sensationally oriented behaviors are because of the use of alcohol. High consumption of alcohol may result to high susceptibil ity to risk taking behaviors (National Institute of Health, 2003). Social Alcoholism has an adverse economic impact on the entire society. Alcoholism may result in low productivity, massive expenditure in health care, diseases and illness and premature deaths. Much of the costs resulting from alcohol abuse are borne by those who do not take it. Alcoholism may also result in the commission of crimes. Emotional Alcohol suppresses emotional pain; it is a loyal friend in the event of relationships failing. Alcoholics are often, tempted by the negative feelings that might force them to return after a long period of withdrawal (New York Times, 2011). Vocational Employment Assistance Program Alcohol can affect every aspect of a patient’s life. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, most of the people that are addicted are in employment hence leading to hazards in workplace and development of an unproductive workforce. Treatment and Recovery Background on the organization Alcoholic Anonymous (AA) is a self-help group of both men and women who are recovering from alcoholism. This group involves individuals who share similar hope, aspirations, strengths and experiences. It is interested in proving emotional assistance to people with the problem of alcohol dependence. They have braches in several countries on the globe. The group utilizes a 12-step approach to achieve its mission and objectives. The group has a common agenda of assisting others to recover from alcohol dependency (Grapevine, 1958). Founding principles The addicts should meet one and the only demand of stopping to drink before joining the group, and there are no charges or subscription fee. AA is a non- governmental organization and not affiliated to any religious or political group; twelve steps to realize its objectives guide the group members. Problems and resistance Aexperiences a lot of problems and resistance in its desire to achieve the desired goals. This resistance and problems are: Its stressing on absolute abstinences: for many alcoholics, total abstinence is a difficult task; various alcoholics would prefer treatment that will permit them into taking alcohol again than abstinence. Stigmatization: stigmatization of alcoholics is a reality in every society, alcoholics therefore avoid joining AA due to the fear of stigmatization and they instead opt to remain alcoholic. Fear of being noticed by friends or acquaintances: there is the fear by the victims that in the course of AA meetings, they risk noticed by their friends or business associates. Medication therapy and other philosophies Naltrexone The patient is injected with a version of a Naltrexone which can be administered to the patient once in month. There are, however, some circumstance where the patient can take a pill, recommended that the patient take the injectable drug since it is preferable for people who are highly dependent on alcohol. Injected drug also has the advantage of cons istency. The drugs aid in blocking the brain hence reducing the demand and the craving for alcohol by the patient. Rehabilitation After the victim undergoes detoxification, rehabilitation can enable him/her to stay away from alcohol. In the rehabilitation, the patient is counseled, provided with psychological help, nursing service and medical attention to prevent cases of lapse. Behavioral therapy This is a crucial part of alcohol dependency treatment. It is acknowledged that alcoholism can have a deep psychological roots and therefore a perfect therapy program is necessary to assist the victim understand what has caused his/her behavior as an alcoholic and this will enable him/her to make some amendments into his/her life (Maltzman, 2008). New treatment and research Very many drugs that if taken can assist in suppressing the withdrawal symptoms. Some medications can be effective in blocking part of the brain that is responsible for producing sensations when there is intake of alcoh ol. There are two main kinds of treatment: long-term and short-term while others may be in in-patient and outpatient. Longer duration of treatment can be effective and can produce better results. These treatment facilities can be private or public. Sober living and independence According to many alcoholics, overcoming or avoiding intake of alcohol is a difficult task. Stopping to drink alcohol is the best remedy. Abstinence does not depend on the duration within which the alcoholic has been drinking alcohol neither does it depend on the degree of addiction but it takes individual decision (Siclair Escapa, 2008). Conclusion Alcohol is a socially accepted drug that can devastate all areas of one’s life. It disrupts the neurochemistry in the brain and gets progressively worse if not treated. Although there is still much to learn about alcohol and addiction, today research offers promising hope for those addicted to alcohol. Alcohol is progressive disease and if not arrested at its early stages, it may lead to health, physical and emotional problems, and at the extreme case, it may lead to death. Alcoholism may be because of addiction, compulsion and obsession. References Cleveland Clinic. (2010). Alcoholism. Cleveland Clinic. Web. Gifford, M. (2009). Alcoholism. New York, NY: ABC-CLIO. Grapevine, A. (1958). AA: other problems than alcohol. Alcoholics Anonymous. Web. Maltzman, I. (2008). Alcoholism: its treatments and mistreatments. New York, NY: World Scientific. Manzardo, A., Goodwin, D. (2006). Alcoholism (4th ed). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. National Institute of Health. (2003). Understanding Alcohol: investigations into Biology and behavior. Science Education. Web. New York Times. (2011, October 28). Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. New York Times. Web. PubMed. (2011). Alcoholism and alcohol abuse. PubMed Health. Web. Siclair, D. Escapa, R. (2008). The Cure for Alcoholism: Drink Your Way Sober Without Willpower, Abstinence Or Discomfort. New Y ork, NY: BenBella Books. Wekesser, C. (1994). Alcoholism. New York, NY: Greenhaven. This research paper on Concept and Treatment of Alcohol Abuse was written and submitted by user Darth Maul to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

English mr pip practise essay Essays

English mr pip practise essay Essays English mr pip practise essay Essay English mr pip practise essay Essay Essay Topic: Everything Is Illuminated We are later introduced to the protagonist of the novel, a curious, skinny, thirteen year old named Mantilla. As all the teachers had fled the island, Mr. Watts took on the role of teaching the children, even though, all he knew was Charles Dickenss Great Expectations. A book in which Mantilla finds she can easily slip into like a t- shirt and escape from reality. As Mr. Watts reads Great Expectations and the book proceeds, Mantilla discovers she can connect with the main character, Pip, as if it was her own life being retold but only in a different way. While Mantilla has been given the opportunity to learn at school, Pip has been given the opportunity to learn to become a gentlemen. In which they both have now suffering from the way Pip lost his parents and Mantillas dad left overseas, the connection between them grows stronger each page. Both dreaming of escape, Pip was granted his wish by Mr. Jaegers. Just when Mantilla thought the connection between the two of them broke, Mantilla was transported away, far from the island. Geed up, Mantilla. Youve got school today. But we have no teachers. You do now. Pop Eye is going to teach you kids. This gave Mantilla the opportunity to learn at school once again, even if Mr. Watts wasnt a proper teacher. At this point, Pip was given the opportunity to learn to become a gentlemen. When Mr. Watts starts teaching the class, he introduces them to Great Expectations. l have found a new friend. The surprising thing is where I found him In a book. This quote was said by Mantilla and it shows us that Great Expectations meant a lot to her. She found someone who she could relate to and be with when her life got tough. She could always imagine a better place with Pip and everything would be okay for a little while. As Pip was so important to Mantilla, she saw that through Pips eventful experiences, she gained new perspectives which helped her to understand the increasingly difficult circumstances of her own life. The power of Dickenss story illuminated both the familiar and the changing aspects of Mantillas life in a new way, which also shows us how she relates to Pip. As we progressed through the book something happened to me. At some point I felt myself enter the story . Great Expectations impacts greatly on her life, it has basically become apart of her, one that she couldnt live without Dickens novel brought Mantilla hope and company. It also challenged Mantillas notions of identity, loyalty and the person she wanted to become. This was shown through Pips behavior and decisions in made throughout his life. Both Mantilla and Pip lost their fathers at a similar age, and were both raised by staunc h, strict, hard pressing women. In Mantillas case it was her mother who was submerged in her religious beliefs. While Pip was raised by his sister who was cold hearted and selfish. Because of this similarity Mantilla relates to Pip at an early stage and this provides another mean for Mantilla to fall in love with Great Expectations. l knew that orphaned white kid and that small, fragile place he squeezed into between his awful sister and lovable Joe Gagger because the same space came to exist between Mr. Watts and my mum. This quote tells us that Mantilla saw the connections between the two of them, showing us how empowering the book was on her life. Mantilla strongly identifies with Pip. Both trapped under a mother like figure, both without a father. They were in their own world unable to escape with little knowledge of the outside world. They also happened to get along with the people others arent too found Of. For Pip that is Ms Having and for Mantilla, Mr. Watts. Mantilla and Pip were both transformed by their emigration from their home surroundings. This was due to their saviors Mr. Jaegers, a lawyer in Pips case ND a log in Mantillas. Pip was given his escape by Mr. daggers who gave him the chance to go to London and excel in becoming a gentlemen. He was given full hope and support from an unknown benefactor which helped him along the way. When Mantilla was stuck in the rapids of the river, on the verge of death, a log drifted past which Mantilla latched onto, saving her life and boarded a boat to whom she wasnt sure belonged to just yet. As Mr. Jaegers saved Pip, and the log saved Mantilla, she thought that it was only fitting to name the log Mergers. Mergers, in both Mantilla and Pips cases, was the various which gave them both hope and light for the future. They both had unknown benefactors that were later revealed which also helped her relate to Pip, making him an important part of her life. Pip was so important to Mantilla, because she could rely on him to be there for her when she needed him. When she needed a friend, Pip was there. When she was upset, Pip was there. When she was scared, Pip was there. And when she needed someone she could relate to, Pip was definitely there. Pip was there for her no matter what. He was with her in her mind and heart. But most importantly Pip was in Great Expectations.

The Application of Eugenics Practices

The Application of Eugenics Practices In sociology, a bio-social environment can largely benefit from the applied science of eugenics. In other words, eugenics supports the study of modifying or boosting the genetic make-up of any sample of a population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of Eugenics Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most cases, the human population is the major target in the application of eugenics practices. It is also imperative to mention that eugenics is a broad social philosophy that attempts to improve the productivity and genetic wellbeing of certain individuals, while lowering the productivity of some individuals by modifying their genetic make-up. It is definite that eugenics has been a subject of great discourse and controversy since the time it was developed and adopted. During the first few decades of the 20th century, eugenics had attained high popularity especially in the western world. It had been recognized as a formidable social movement. For instance, institutions, influential individuals as well governments were already propagating and advocating the practice of eugenics before the mid 20th century. Although the identification and understanding of certain features and compositions of genes have been facilitated in the study of genetics, there are still no definite and approved scientific methods that can be used to evaluate traits that may finally be useful. However, eugenics has been moderately applied in boosting body defense against diseases such as Cholera and Malaria. In terms of genetic diversity, it is worth to mention that policies that promote eugenics are likely to interfere with the natural diversity of genes among various populations. There is a wide pool of scientific evidences which have demonstrated that vulnerability towards certain ailments could be rife especially among populations with modified genes. For instance, individuals whose genes have been inc apacitated find it difficult to adapt effectively against prevailing environmental conditions. Needless to say, when undesired genes are eliminated in the process of eugenics, the diversity of genes portfolio is equally reduced leading to unbalanced population in terms of various personalities needed to supplement society. Individuals and corporate bodies who support the practice of eugenics argue that the process of eliminating genes may not necessarily impact a population negatively because it as slow program that can be reversed whenever undesired consequences are noted.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They also reiterate that when a particular program on eugenics is adopted, any unwanted consequences can be noted in advance and therefore controlled accordingly. Additionally, they observe that in case of any significant reduction in gene diversity, then it will take remarkably long period of time with negligible effects. Therefore, there is no cause for alarm over the practice of eugenics. The autism rights’ movements have also entangled themselves in the controversies surrounding eugenics. When genes are predisposed among individual with autism, it is definite that the rate of autism can be reduced. However, autistic movements argue that there is no need of lowering the rate of autism using eugenics because it is an integral component of brain diversity. On the same note, the Down syndrome’s advocacy groups also purport that the latter condition is part and parcel of neurodiversity that should not be interfered with at all. Finally, it is vital to mention the relevance of heterozygous recessive traits in relation to the practice of eugenics. There are scenarios when it is practically impossible to eliminate single-gene mutations. It is against this backdrop that genes with heterozygous recessive traits may be difficult to eradic ate due to myriads of carriers that are attached to them. Therefore, eugenics is a scientific attempt in gene mutation that has not achieved complete success.

How blind hiring can improve workplace diversity

How blind hiring can improve workplace diversity There’s a growing trend across industries when it comes to hiring- and in the age of information, you may be surprised to learn that involves having access to less information instead of more, in an effort to enhance ethical hiring practices and improve workplace diversity. If your company isn’t utilizing blind hiring practices yet, it might not be long before it jumps on this progressive new hiring bandwagon. What is blind hiring?This bold new hiring practice is referred to as â€Å"blind hiring,† and according to a recent article by Analytics in HR (AIHR), â€Å"Blind hiring is any technique that anonymizes or ‘blinds’ personal information about a candidate from the recruiter or hiring manager that can lead to unconscious (or conscious) bias about the candidate. This bias tends to be unfair and discriminatory because much of the personal information that is presented is generally unrelated to his or her on-the-job performance.†How blind hiri ng can improve your company’s hiring practicesAs an HR professional, not having access to personal candidate information that tends to lead to bias allows for increased objectivity when evaluating potential hires. As a result, decisions will be based on a candidate’s skills, knowledge, and potential to succeed, and things like a candidate’s race, gender, age, and education level are ignored- and when ability is the primary driving factor for hiring, it results in a more qualified and talented workstaff. Increased hiring objectivity also leads to a more diverse workforce, which benefits both employers and employees.How are companies- and the HR world at large- warming up to the idea of blind hiring According to AIHR, â€Å"Blind hiring is gaining more acceptance as part of a larger movement to remove faulty human judgment element that interferes with hiring people that were truly the best candidates in first place. Research featured in the Harvard Business Revie w found that candidates who were hired based on an algorithm were  50% more likely to be successful  on the job than candidates picked based on recruiters’ human judgment.†How companies are implementing blind hiring practicesCurrently, the most common methods for doing so are occurring during the resume review process and through the use of anonymized pre-hire tests and assessments. AIHR reports that significant human bias exists during the resume review process: â€Å"Resumes with White-sounding names receive  30 percent more interviews  than identical resumes with African American names. Resumes with old-sounding names were rated as  less suitable for the job  compared to identical resumes with modern-sounding names.† Removing all superfluous personal candidate info from their applications, resumes, and online profiles is designed to eliminate this bias. Pre-hire tests and personality assessments- using anonymous candidate IDs- are also being used m ore frequently to assess a candidate’s abilities and potential fit when making hiring decisions. Both of these tools are reported to increase hiring objectivity and workplace diversity, which can be gauged and tracked through your HR department’s recruitment metrics.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Are your company’s hiring practices as objective as they could- and should- be? If not, then consider adopting blind hiring practices to make things more fair. Use the strategies and advice presented here to help improve the diversity in your workplace and make sure you’re hiring the most qualified candidates possible.

Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing assignment - Essay Example In my case, I relate value proposition to Starbucks coffee. Starbucks is the largest coffee house company in the world and has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington D.C and many outlets all over the world. Starbucks sells among other drinks, coffee. My critical selection process of Starbucks coffee is dependent on its mode of preparation, the energy content of the Starbucks coffee drink, the chemical content, the taste, colour, environment, standard of quality, smell, availability of the drink, and the refreshing nature of the Starbucks coffee. Apart from other external factors that may affect my choice for Starbucks coffee like climate, my selection of Starbucks coffee relies on its mode of preparation. Indeed, the preparation of Starbucks coffee takes place in real time and I can actually from the preparation process on how I can prepare my own cup of coffee at home. The mode of preparation is fast and clean thus enticing me to buy. In addition, Starbucks coffee is highly nutritious for my health and thus relevant to my use. More so, although Starbucks coffee has some elements of caffeine, the levels are quite low and suitable for my consumption. Indeed, the caffeine in Starbucks coffee serves my alertness and relaxation thus motivating to buy. Furthermore, Starbucks coffee has a sweet taste that is unique in all its outlets. Actually, all Starbucks outlets sells universal brand of coffee and hence its originality that drives me to purchase. At the same time, the colour of Starbucks coffee is also unique and there are no chances of fake products. Moreover, the price of Starbucks coffee is also a motivator since it is affordable to me and hence my cause to buy. I take Starbucks coffee in the most relaxing and quite environment. All Starbucks outlets situate at quite environments that equally plays some cool music in the background. With such an offer, I find myself buying it most frequently. It is worth noting that

Equality and debt case assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equality and debt case assignment 5 - Essay Example Debt financing has a fixed term for repayment. Like loans the terms can be either short or long and is normally raised from banks and small business administration (SBA). It has a fixed rate of interest payable. However equity financing is not repayable; the lender has a right over the business and can participate along with the board of directors, in the annual shareholder’s meeting, to have an active role in the decision making of the company. It is generally raised by family or friends, who are normally called ‘Angel investors’ (Samuels et al, 2000). Also financing can be got by venture capitalists, private equity firms and the investors are normally referred to as ‘Venture Capitalists’(Samuels et al, 2000). This form of financing does not have a fixed cost, but the cost varies based on the performance of the company. Also with newer investors becoming a part of the business makes the business more credible and gains higher attention from the lende rs network (Weston and Copeland, 1988). In debt financing there is a tendency of businesses to rely too much on the mode of financing, however if the company does not generate enough revenues to pay back the loans it could cause a lot of problems for the business like bad credit ratings and can even lead to closing down of the business. Also it makes the company unattractive to investors. If the company has a lot of loans investors would view and classify the company as ‘High Risk’ which would cause them not to make investments in the business (Samuels et al, 2000). The debt to equity ratio normally affects the cost of debt; hence if the ratio is high it would make it difficult for the business to obtain debt financing. Both the sources of financing require to be well balanced, and it is essential that the company carries out enough debt to balance the equity investment however care needs to be taken not to affect the chances of getting

Information security management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information security management - Essay Example Both threats and vulnerabilities need to be considered concurrently. Threats can provide damage to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information present in the information systems. They explore opportunities for security breaches to cause confidential data invasion via unauthorized access, amendment of data, removal of information from information systems. Threats can hit the network from various sources. Threats are confidential on the parameters of different capabilities and approach including external approaches by cyber criminals, hackers, terrorists. For handling threats of different nature different risk mitigation and control methodologies are required in the context of protecting the prioritized information systems. Vulnerabilities are the weaknesses which are present in the system against the current threats. Vulnerabilities can be distinguished as security loop holes in the system. If hackers find these loop holes in the system, results are devastating incl uding unauthorized access, amendment or complete deletion of the system. A recent example is the hacking of wiki leaks website which impacted the whole world and also affected strategic and economic relations between countries as various confidential documents were leaked out from the website. Vulnerabilities are successful due to policy weaknesses, inadequate implementation of security infrastructure, and information of personal issues. For identifying any possible threats, testing of the security infrastructure including network components, hardware and software is essential which may occur in the future. The risk is defined as the likelihood of different threats via different circumstances, which are affecting the network and information systems. The circumstances should consider the strategy, security measures, environmental measures, own experience and the experience of other connected entities in the context of information security failure. The impact calculation is also requi red in terms of data integrity, availability; confidentiality and the cost associated with the fixing systems, lost availability and other related issues which are of prime concern to the network and information system operations. Measurements consist of Cost which is used to protect the information and systems Value of the information and information systems Threat probability and occurrence Effectiveness of Controls Hazards determine the identities and quantities of any chemicals or harmful substances present as pollute causes in the environment. There are different type of hazards required for cleaning and maintenance of the office furniture and items. Hazards may masquerade to human health or the network and information systems when spilled out accidentally by mistake. They also require flammable characteristics which may occur in severe threats and help to increase fire or other incidents. Assets are the components serving internally, as well as externally, within the network. Assets can be divided in to several different information technology environments. The physical infrastructure contains Servers, workstations, data centers, switches, routers etc. The core infrastructure contains virtual private networks, Microsoft active directory, domain controllers, email servers etc. The Internet infrastructure co